Paper LibraryFoundational

Swarm Protocol Specification

Swarm Research Division.

Version
Draft of 11 September 2025
Length
44 pages
File
PDF, 679 KB

About this paper

The Swarm Specification document is an essential resource for developers and software engineers seeking to build their own Swarm client or integrate Swarm's functionalities into their applications. This document provides a detailed exposition of the low-level implementation details of the Swarm network, its technical infrastructure, protocols, and APIs.

It is aimed at readers with a solid understanding of decentralised systems and peer-to-peer technologies who require in-depth technical guidance for practical implementation. The specifications cover the aspects of data storage, content distribution and network communication within Swarm.

What's inside

  1. 1Protocols: transport layer, Bzz handshake, Hive, retrieval, push-syncing, pull-syncing, pricing, SWAP settlement, caching
  2. 2Appendix: parameter constants, price oracle, source of randomness, density-based size estimation